First let us begin from a definition of what is a Super Earth. The following definition is from NASA:
"What is a super-Earth?
Super-Earths – a class of planets unlike any in our solar system – are more massive than Earth yet lighter than ice giants like Neptune and Uranus, and can be made of gas, rock or a combination of both. They are between twice the size of Earth and up to 10 times its mass."
Can you image the drive or flight trip if the world was twice or ten times the size it is today. To give a reference here is the earth's diameter
The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 12,756 kilometers (km) or 7,926.211 miles. Just image an Earth that is 25,512 kilometers (km) or 15,852.42 miles in diameter. Image a trip from a Super Earth Washington DC to Los Angeles that takes 3 hours by plane on our normal Earth and 6+ hours on a double Earth diameter as an example. Now we have an idea of scale lets look at at the article from interestingengineering.com:
"The sun was once surrounded by rings of gas and dust similar to those orbiting Saturn, a new study published in the journal Nature Astronomy reveals.
These rings played a vital role in the formation of our solar system and in the size and habitability of Earth.
The early sun's dust and gas rings may have stopped our planet from becoming a "super-Earth," according to the Rice University astrophysicists behind the new paper. "In the solar system, something happened to prevent the Earth from growing to become a much larger type of terrestrial planet called a super-Earth," Rice University astrophysicist André Izidoro, said in a press statement.
Super-Earths are enormous rocky planets that have been observed around approximately 30 percent of sun-like stars in the Milky Way. Using advanced computer modeling to simulate the formation of our solar system, the Rice University scientists observed that the early sun likely produced three bands of high pressure, called "pressure bumps", which have been observed around far-off stars. These discs likely impeded the necessary material from reaching Earth that would make it a "super-Earth", the scientists argued.
Why we don't have a super-Earth in our solar system
"If super-Earths are super-common, why don’t we have one in the solar system?" Izidoro said. "We propose that pressure bumps produced disconnected reservoirs of disk material in the inner and outer solar system and regulated how much material was available to grow planets in the inner solar system."
In their simulations, Izidro said the timing of pressure bump formation proved to be crucial in the formation of super-Earths. "By the time the pressure bump formed in [some] cases, a lot of mass had already invaded the inner system and was available to make super-Earths," he said. "So the time when this middle pressure bump formed might be a key aspect of the solar system."
The researchers' modeling provides new insight into the very early formation of our solar system, and the model accurately reproduced known features of our solar system that were missed by other previous models, the researchers said. Soon, new data from the recently-launched James Webb Space Telescope will provide further insight into the early composition of solar systems and will allow the scientific community to compare such models to distant approximations of the real thing."
So in one sense we are lucky we did not get a Super Earth. On the other hand we could have lot more space thou there are some Super Earths that are some challenges a noted below with some discovered Super Earths:
"GJ 15 A b, takes just 11 days to make a full orbit around the star – a "year" on this planet. It weighs in at three times the mass of Earth, qualifying it for the size category known as "super-Earth." It's also super-heated, with an estimated surface temperature of 530 degrees Fahrenheit (276 Celsius)."
Or
"Planet: K2-131b (aka EPIC 228732031b)
Discovered by: Fei Dei et al. using NASA's Kepler telescope
Date: October 19, 2017
Key Facts: This discovery is a super Earth two times Earth's size, that orbits a yellow Sun-like star. But don't get too excited about life on this planet– temperatures there are hot enough to vaporize metal. This sizzling-hot world takes only nine hours to orbit its star, a journey which takes Mercury 88 days. K2-131b is likely to be a lifeless inferno, where the planet’s sun never sets on the dayside."
A little toasty for my taste.
How about a world of all water? Well there is:
"Kepler-22b is a super-Earth that could be covered in a super ocean. The jury is still out on Kepler-22b’s true nature; at 2.4 times Earth’s radius, it might even be gaseous. But theoretically an ocean world tipped on its side – a bit like our solar system’s ice giant, Uranus – turns out to be comfortably habitable based on recent computer modeling. Researchers found that an exoplanet in Earth’s size range, at a comparable distance from its sun and covered in water, could have an average surface temperature of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.5 Celsius). Because of its radical tilt, its north and south poles would be alternately bathed in sunlight and darkness, for half a year each, as the planet circled its star."
I think you may need a lot bigger boat for that world.
Then we have something close to Earth sized and yet larger is:
"The first Earth-size planet discovered around a near solar twin, the discovery of Kepler-452b brings us closer than ever to finding an Earth-like planet."
Need a lot more pit-stops for that world going form point A to B. I hope you enjoyed todays interesting topic.
References:
https://interestingengineering.com/the-early-suns-rings-stopped-our-planet-from-becoming-a-super-earth
https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/what-is-an-exoplanet/planet-types/super-earth/
https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/eyes-on-exoplanets/#/planet/GJ_15_A_b/
https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1464/discovery-alert-a-sizzling-super-earth/
https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/265/infographic-profile-of-planet-kepler-452b/
I have lost a lot of faith with the Medical Community and the Governments over the last several years, but there are a few good things that can raise above the corruption and the pushing of drugs a new approach to heal people. The following is from www.gaia.com and written by Hunter Parsons that does not involve any drug or pushing an ineffective so called vaccine that the drug company is not held accountable in any way but they use sound! The use of sound can regrow bone tissue! Here is the story:
"The future of regenerative medicine could be found within sound healing by regrowing bone cells with sound waves.
The use of sound as a healing modality has an ancient tradition all over the world. The ancient Greeks used sound to cure mental disorders; Australian Aborigines reportedly use the didgeridoo to heal; and Tibetan or Himalayan singing bowls were, and still are, used for spiritual healing ceremonies.
Recently, a study showed an hour-long sound bowl meditation reduced anger, fatigue, anxiety, and ...
Not a fan of a Defense Agency studying Anti-Gravity and other Exotic Tech, but if the commercial world and make this technology cheap that will change our world yet again. The following is about three minute read and from www.gaia.com. The below was written by Hunter Parsons:
"Wormholes, invisibility cloaks, and anti-gravity — it’s not science fiction, it’s just some of the exotic things the U.S. government has been researching.
A massive document dump by the Defense Intelligence Agency shows some of the wild research projects the United States government was, at least, funding through the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program known as AATIP.
And another lesser-known entity called the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Application Program or AAWSAP
The Defense Intelligence Agency has recently released a large number of documents to different news outlets and individuals who have filed Freedom of Information Act requests.
Of particular interest are some 1,600 pages released to Vice News, which ...
As our technology gets better we are discovering more about the history of mankind and pushing the timeline back further and further. The following article is from www.gaia.com and written by Michael Chary that discusses this new find that changes the historical timeline:
"Over the past decade, there have been a number of archeological revelations pushing back the timeline of human evolution and our ancient ancestors’ various diasporas. Initially, these discoveries elicit some resistance as archeologists bemoan the daunting prospect of rewriting the history books, though once enough evidence is presented to established institutions, a new chronology becomes accepted.
But this really only pertains to the era of human development that predates civilization — the epochs of our past in which we were merely hunter-gatherers and nomads roaming the savannahs. Try challenging the consensus timeline of human civilization and it’s likely you’ll be met with derision and rigidity.
Conversely, someone of an alternative...
Not sure if you have heard of a show on YouTube called "The Why Files". If not you should check it out it is interesting and has some humor with it on different subjects. Last weeks was on a different theory how the Universe works and how main stream Science is attempting to shut it down like is always seems to do if it goes aguest some special interest. Today it is akin to what happened to those who questioned the Earth was the Center of the Universe that main stream so called Science all believed during the Renaissance period, They called any theory that the Earth was not the Center of the Universe misinformation. Does this sound familiar today? People laughed and mocked people like Leonardo da Vinci, Nicolaus Copernicus, Georg Purbach as crack-pots, conspiracy theorists, nut-jobs and they were suppressed and even imprisoned for their radical thoughts and observations. Again it sounds like today in so many ways. In any event this is a good one to ponder and see even if a bad idea ...
Seemingly chaotic systems like the weather and the financial markets are governed by the laws of chaos theory.
We all have heard about chaos theory, but if you have not or have forgotten what chaos theory is well here you go from interestingengineering.com:
"Chaos theory deals with dynamic systems, which are highly sensitive to initial conditions, making it almost impossible to track the resulting unpredictable behavior. Chaos theory seeks to find patterns in systems that appear random, such as weather, fluid turbulence, and the stock market.
Since the smallest of changes can lead to vastly different outcomes, the long-term behavior of chaotic systems is difficult to predict despite their inherently deterministic nature.
As Edward Lorenz, who first proposed what became commonly known as the Butterfly Effect, eloquently said, "Chaos: When the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future.""
You may have heard the term about chaos theory as a butterfly flaps its wings in Brazil,...
I for one have lost trust in Medical Doctors due to COVID and reflection that they seem to push pills for everything and untested so called vaccines that is using a unproven technology because the Government and the Medical Boards of the State told them to. There are a very few exceptions. Thus they do not address the key problem just prescribe more and more pills to keep you alive an sick longer for them and Big Phama to profit from you. Will AI do any better? Well that depends on what was used for the training of AI. If it also pushes pills and vaccines without question then you have the same problems noted above. However, if the AI Training includes all possible forms of treatment and they zero in on the right issues for the true problem then there is possibilities they would be way better than most of the current Medical Doctors today.
The following is from an article from interestingengineering.com and written by Paul Ratner:
"A new study looks at how accurately AI can diagnose patients. We interview the researcher, who weighs in on AI's role ...
