Here is something that they do not teach in High School anymore sadly due to the decline of Public Education. However it is still interesting to learn about later in life and thus I am providing it here for your reading pleasure. The Periodic Table is a good reference for the atomic structure of elements. One of these are the metals. The following is from interestingengineering.com and written by Maia Mulko that explorer metals on the periodic table:
"A metal is generally defined as a chemical element or molecular compound that is lustrous, ductile, malleable, and exceptionally capable of conducting heat and electricity.
That is why metals are so useful in the construction, manufacturing, and technology industries, and they, of course, play a fundamental role in engineering.
Metals can be found in all kinds of machinery, vehicles (from cars to spacecraft), electronics, biomedical devices, as well as in jewelery and decorative objects.
Some metals are also present in the human body, fulfilling basic biological functions. For example, magnesium is a metal that supports energy production at a cellular level. Magnesium is a critical cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, binds to magnesium ions to become biologically active. Magnesium is also critical for a great number of cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and membrane stabilization. And that is just one metal.
Although sometimes it can be hard to differentiate metals from non-metals and metalloids, there are about 94 metals in the periodic table, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry, of which six are metalloids - elements with properties between, or a mixture of, metals and non-metals.
Here’s all you need to know about them.
What is a metal?
A metal is an inorganic substance with certain chemical, physical, and mechanical properties.
Most metals are found in ores (mineral-bearing substances), but some, including copper, gold, platinum, and silver often occur in the free state because they do not readily react with other elements.
Chemists and metallurgic experts can create specific metal-based compounds for different purposes. A compound that involves at least one metal is called an alloy, independently of its natural or artificial formation.
In metallurgy, metals can also be classified as ferrous or non-ferrous. Ferrous metals contain iron, while non-ferrous metals do not. This has an impact on the physical properties of each kind of metal. For example, ferrous metals tend to have more magnetic properties than non-ferrous metals, and are stronger and harder than non-ferrous metals, but also tend to be heavier and less malleable, and have less resistance to rust and corrosion.
In chemistry, metals can be classified as:
Alkali metals. Highly reactive, silvery metals with low melting and boiling points, and only one electron on their valence (outermost) shell. They tend to lose this outer shell electron to form cations, which makes them highly electropositive and is also why they are not found in the pure state. Nowadays, the best-known alkali metal is probably lithium, which constitutes the lithium-ion batteries that power our mobile devices. Other alkali metals include sodium, potassium, francium, cesium, and rubidium.
Alkaline earth metals. Silvery-white metals with low density and low melting and boiling points. They are less reactive than alkali metals but tend to form alkaline hydroxides when mixed with water. Alkaline-earth elements are highly metallic, are good conductors of electricity, and are strong reducing agents. They also have many uses in medicine. Examples include: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
Transition metals. These have valence electrons — electrons that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds—in two shells instead of only one. Transition metals are hard, heavy, and lustrous, they have high melting and boiling points, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They often form stable, colorful compounds. They represent the transition between the main group elements on either side of the periodic table. Many transition metals are used structurally and in electrical technology and they form many useful alloys. Examples include titanium, nickel, gold, silver, iron, copper, platinum, tungsten (wolfram), etc.
Post-transition metals. Also known as “poor metals”, the post-transition metals tend to be soft or brittle, but dense. They tend to form covalent bonds and half-metallic compounds. There is no clear agreement on what constitutes a post-transition metal other than that they are located between the transition metals and the metalloids. The exact number of post-transition metals depends on where the transition metals and metalloids begin and end, and so there are a number of different proposals for which elements to count as post-transition metals. However, all of these include gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth. Applications include electronics, aircraft, and utensils manufacturing, among others.
Lanthanides. Also called lanthanoids, these are soft, silvery-white metals that resist electricity, ignite with air, and dissolve in acid. They are commonly used in optical devices, such as night vision goggles, and petroleum refining. Examples: cerium, samarium, europium, erbium, thulium, terbium, promethium, etc. Combined with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, these are also known as the rare-earth metals.
Actinides. Malleable, soft but dense metals that are paramagnetic, toxic, and radioactive due to their unstable nuclei. Only four (actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium) occur in nature in appreciable quantities; the other 11 (also called the transuranium elements) are produced only artificially. They are commonly used in smoke detectors, nuclear weapons, and nuclear reactors (as fuel). Examples include neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, etc.
What are the common properties of metals?
In spite of their differences, all metals share the following characteristics:
Malleability. They can be deformed under compression, and can be formed into sheets and drawn into wires. Metals might look hard, but they can often be hammered, pressed, bent, rolled, etc., relatively easily (think of the gold and silver with which we build jewelry). There are, however, metals that are less malleable than others, such as nickel.
Ductility. Ductility is a mechanical property that refers to a material’s ability to stretch and narrow in the presence of tensile forces. The use of these forces to elongate materials is a metalworking method called drawing, and it often involves turning metals into bars, wires, and tubes.
Gold, platinum, and silver are the most ductile metals in the periodic table.
Thermal conductivity. Metals are good at conducting heat. This means that they tend to transfer heat instead of retaining it. This makes them ideal for applications in which dissipation of heat is vital, such as in wires or the development of heat transfer equipment. Examples include silver, copper, aluminum, and brass (an alloy of copper and zinc).
Electrical conductivity. Electrically charged particles move through the chemical structure of metals with relative ease because they have “free electrons” —where individual atoms have lost their valence electrons, which move as a group throughout the solid. For some metals, such as the transition metals, conductivity may be better explained by the interaction of free electrons with so-called d electrons. In both cases, the flow of electrons is used to maintain an electric current. This property is the reason why metals are widely used in all kinds of electric appliances. For example, cables in electrical power grids are made of highly conductive metals (such as copper, gold, or aluminum) because they need to distribute an electric current over a distance without significant energy loss.
Metallic luster. Metals have a shiny, or lustrous, appearance because they reflect a lot of light. This feature favors their use as mirrors for astronomical instruments and is one reason why some metals are preferred for jewelry (primarily gold, silver, titanium, and platinum).
Positive ion formation. Metals tend to lose electrons and form positively charged ions called cations. These cations can react to oxygen in the air and result in different oxides depending on the metal.
List of metals
In order of atomic number (as per the Royal Society of Chemistry):
Lithium (Li)
Beryllium (Be)
Boron (B)
Sodium (Na)
Magnesium (Mg)
Aluminum (Al)
Silicon (Si)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Scandium (Sc)
Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V)
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn)
Gallium (Ga)
Germanium (Ge)
Arsenic (As)
Rubidium (Rb)
Strontium (Sr)
Ytterbium (Yb)
Zirconium (Zr)
Niobium (Nb)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Technetium (Tc)
Ruthenium (Ru)
Rhodium (Rh)
Palladium (Pd)
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium (Cd)
Indium (In)
Tin (Sn)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium (Te)
Cesium (Cs)
Barium (Ba)
Lanthanum (La)
Hafnium (Hf)
Tantalum (Ta)
Wolfram or tungsten (W)
Rhenium (Re)
Osmium (Os)
Iridium (Ir)
Platinum (Pt)
Gold (Au)
Mercury (Hg)
Thallium (Tl)
Lead (Pb)
Bismouth (Bi)
Polonium (Po)
Francium (Fr)
Radium (Ra)
Actinium (Ac)
Rutherfordium (Rf)
Dubnium (Db)
Seaborgium (Sg)
Bohrium (Bh)
Hassium (Hs)
Meitnerium (Mt)
Darmstadtium (Ds)
Roentgenium (Rg)
Copernicium (Cn)
Cerium (Ce)
Praseodymium (Pr)
Neodymium (Nd)
Promethium (Pm)
Samarium (Sm)
Europium (Eu)
Gadolinium (Gd)
Terbium (Tb)
Dysprosium (Dy)
Holmium (Ho)
Erbium (Er)
Thulium (Tm)
Ytterbium (Yb)
Lutetium (Lu)
Thorium (Th)
Protactinium (Pa)
Uranium (U)
Neptunium (Np)
Plutonium (Pu)
Americium (Am)
Curium (Cm)
Berkelium (Bk)
Californium (Cf)
Einsteinium (Es)
Fermium (Fm)
Mendelevium (Md)
Nobelium (No)
Lawrencium (Lr)
Metalloids or semi-metals include:
Antimony (Sb)
Arsenic (As)
Boron (B)
Germanium (Ge)
Silicon (Si)
Tellurium (Te)"
So now you know a bit more about metals than you did at the start of the day. Use the image of the periodic table to look up the other elements as you encounter them.
I have lost a lot of faith with the Medical Community and the Governments over the last several years, but there are a few good things that can raise above the corruption and the pushing of drugs a new approach to heal people. The following is from www.gaia.com and written by Hunter Parsons that does not involve any drug or pushing an ineffective so called vaccine that the drug company is not held accountable in any way but they use sound! The use of sound can regrow bone tissue! Here is the story:
"The future of regenerative medicine could be found within sound healing by regrowing bone cells with sound waves.
The use of sound as a healing modality has an ancient tradition all over the world. The ancient Greeks used sound to cure mental disorders; Australian Aborigines reportedly use the didgeridoo to heal; and Tibetan or Himalayan singing bowls were, and still are, used for spiritual healing ceremonies.
Recently, a study showed an hour-long sound bowl meditation reduced anger, fatigue, anxiety, and ...
Not a fan of a Defense Agency studying Anti-Gravity and other Exotic Tech, but if the commercial world and make this technology cheap that will change our world yet again. The following is about three minute read and from www.gaia.com. The below was written by Hunter Parsons:
"Wormholes, invisibility cloaks, and anti-gravity — it’s not science fiction, it’s just some of the exotic things the U.S. government has been researching.
A massive document dump by the Defense Intelligence Agency shows some of the wild research projects the United States government was, at least, funding through the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program known as AATIP.
And another lesser-known entity called the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Application Program or AAWSAP
The Defense Intelligence Agency has recently released a large number of documents to different news outlets and individuals who have filed Freedom of Information Act requests.
Of particular interest are some 1,600 pages released to Vice News, which ...
As our technology gets better we are discovering more about the history of mankind and pushing the timeline back further and further. The following article is from www.gaia.com and written by Michael Chary that discusses this new find that changes the historical timeline:
"Over the past decade, there have been a number of archeological revelations pushing back the timeline of human evolution and our ancient ancestors’ various diasporas. Initially, these discoveries elicit some resistance as archeologists bemoan the daunting prospect of rewriting the history books, though once enough evidence is presented to established institutions, a new chronology becomes accepted.
But this really only pertains to the era of human development that predates civilization — the epochs of our past in which we were merely hunter-gatherers and nomads roaming the savannahs. Try challenging the consensus timeline of human civilization and it’s likely you’ll be met with derision and rigidity.
Conversely, someone of an alternative...
Not sure if you have heard of a show on YouTube called "The Why Files". If not you should check it out it is interesting and has some humor with it on different subjects. Last weeks was on a different theory how the Universe works and how main stream Science is attempting to shut it down like is always seems to do if it goes aguest some special interest. Today it is akin to what happened to those who questioned the Earth was the Center of the Universe that main stream so called Science all believed during the Renaissance period, They called any theory that the Earth was not the Center of the Universe misinformation. Does this sound familiar today? People laughed and mocked people like Leonardo da Vinci, Nicolaus Copernicus, Georg Purbach as crack-pots, conspiracy theorists, nut-jobs and they were suppressed and even imprisoned for their radical thoughts and observations. Again it sounds like today in so many ways. In any event this is a good one to ponder and see even if a bad idea ...
Seemingly chaotic systems like the weather and the financial markets are governed by the laws of chaos theory.
We all have heard about chaos theory, but if you have not or have forgotten what chaos theory is well here you go from interestingengineering.com:
"Chaos theory deals with dynamic systems, which are highly sensitive to initial conditions, making it almost impossible to track the resulting unpredictable behavior. Chaos theory seeks to find patterns in systems that appear random, such as weather, fluid turbulence, and the stock market.
Since the smallest of changes can lead to vastly different outcomes, the long-term behavior of chaotic systems is difficult to predict despite their inherently deterministic nature.
As Edward Lorenz, who first proposed what became commonly known as the Butterfly Effect, eloquently said, "Chaos: When the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future.""
You may have heard the term about chaos theory as a butterfly flaps its wings in Brazil,...
I for one have lost trust in Medical Doctors due to COVID and reflection that they seem to push pills for everything and untested so called vaccines that is using a unproven technology because the Government and the Medical Boards of the State told them to. There are a very few exceptions. Thus they do not address the key problem just prescribe more and more pills to keep you alive an sick longer for them and Big Phama to profit from you. Will AI do any better? Well that depends on what was used for the training of AI. If it also pushes pills and vaccines without question then you have the same problems noted above. However, if the AI Training includes all possible forms of treatment and they zero in on the right issues for the true problem then there is possibilities they would be way better than most of the current Medical Doctors today.
The following is from an article from interestingengineering.com and written by Paul Ratner:
"A new study looks at how accurately AI can diagnose patients. We interview the researcher, who weighs in on AI's role ...
